Physical Data Independence

Physical data independence is that type of independence that provides us changes transparency between the conceptual and internal levels. I-e the changes made to internal level shall not affect the conceptual level. Although the independence exist but as we saw in the previous case the changes made should belong to a specific domain and should not exceed the liberty offered by the physical data independence. For example the changes made to the file organization by implementing indexed or sequential or random access at a later stage, changing the storage media, or simply implement a different technique for managing file indexes or hashes.

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